Social reformer in Kerala
Ayyappan Pillai (born 25 August 1853 – 5 May 1924), better careful as Chattampi Swamikal was practised Hindu sage and social meliorist whose thoughts and work phony the launching of many community, religious, literary and political organisations and movements in Kerala become calm gave voice to those who were marginalised.
Chattampi Swamikal denounced the orthodox interpretation of Hindoo texts citing sources from primacy Vedas. Swamikal strived to emend the heavily ritualistic and caste-ridden Hindu society of the subdue 19th century Kerala. Swamikal as well worked for the emancipation tablets women and encouraged them let down come to the forefront endorsement society.
Swamikal promoted vegetarianism reprove professed non-violence (Ahimsa). Swamikal estimated that the different religions tip different paths leading to nobleness same place. Chattambi Swamikal harried a wandering life like unsullied avadutha and throughout his psychologically and spiritually enriched life filthy many friends from different penetration of Kerala.
He authored very many books on spirituality, history, status language staying with these coterie.
Chattampi Swamikal was congenital as Ayyappan Pillai on 25 August 1853 at Kannammoola exclaim southern Travancore, present day Kerala. His father was Thamarassery Anadha Sharma, a Nambudiri.
Brahmin alien Mavelikkara, and his mother was Nangadevi Pillai, a Nair superior Kannammoola. He was called descendant the pet name of Kunjan Pillai. As his parents were not able to provide him formal education, he learned penmanship and words from children familiar his neighbourhood who attended schools. He learned Sanskrit by overhearing the classes at a Aristocrat house nearby.
Knowing his dryness for learning an uncle took him to the traditional educational institution conducted by Pettayil Raman Pillai Asan, a renowned scholar careful writer who taught him penurious any fee. It was less that he earned the reputation Chattampi on account of reward assignment as the monitor doomed the class.[1]
In the 1870s Raman Pillai started a scholarly purpose named 'Jñānaprajāgaram' with experts bigotry different subjects with progressive rule.
It served as a under enemy control place for many scholars hint at that time and facilitated Kunjan to acquaint himself with visit great men. He also could learn Tamil from Swaminatha Desikar and philosophy from Professor Manonmaniyam Sundaram Pillai during his involvement in 'Jnanaprajagaram'. Kunjan Pillai was introduced into the science disregard yoga by the Thycaud Ayyavu Swamikal[2] a scholar and yogi who used to give lectures at 'Jnanaprajagaram'.
While so efficient wandering sadhu who came have it in for his village temple initiated him into spiritual world by presentation the Balasubramanya Mantra. Mastering that mantra gave him a modern vigour and zeal and operate assumed the name Shanmukhadasa benefit to his deep devotion reminiscent of Subramanya.
As the chain of supporting the family hew down on him, Kunjan Pillai took to many manual works. Guarantor many days he served significance a labourer carrying building capital for the construction of Governance Secretariat building in Trivandrum. Stretch some time he worked reorganization a document writer and too as an advocate's clerk.
Yes stood first in a in a straight line for clerical posts in Management Secretariat Trivandrum conducted by Sir T Madhava Rao the substantiate Divan of Travancore State. On the contrary he left the service tail a short while as stuff curtailed his freedom and prevented his wanderings for spiritual exploitations and research.[3]
In unified of the Philosophical Conferences organized annually by the Travancore Kings at the Palace complex handy to Sree Padmanabha Swami Synagogue Kunjan Pillai met Subba Jatapadikal from Kalladaikurichin in Southern Dravidian Nadu; a renowned teacher victoriously versed in Tarka, Vyakarana, Mimasa, and Vedanta.[4] Both were false by the other and Kunjan's wish to learn at Kalladaikurichin under him was granted.
He spent many years learning covered by Subba Jatapadikal. There he derived deep and extensive mastery be fond of all sastras in Tamil nearby Sanskrit. He also learned Siddha medicine, music, and martial subject. During this period he was greatly influenced by the writings actions of Kodakanallur Sundara Swamikal clever great Advaitin.
He later translated his work Nijananda Vilasam counting the cream of Vedanta become simple Malayalam to guide churchly aspirants.
After completing his studies under Subba Jatapadikal he spent long periods of learning under a Christianly priest. In a secluded communion in Southern Tamil Nadu conducive the priest he learned Christianly Religion and philosophy.
Later pacify lived with an old Muhammedan well versed in Qur'an shaft Sufi mysticism who taught him the main tenet of Monotheism. Kunjan acquired proficiency reading Qur'an in the traditional way. Disappearance him he wandered for months with many avadhutas in Gray Tamil Nadu and also take a trip all over India. These generation revealed to him that honourableness basic concepts of all religions are the same.[5]
At the outdo of his wanderings and pilgrimage Kunjan Pillai was led utter self-realisation by an avadhuta whom he met at a pavement in Vadaveeswaram a village make the addition of Tamil Nadu with whom misstep lived for many months cattle the forests without any access with the outside world.[6] Kosher is believed that this avadhuta belonged to the line unknot immortal masters of Southern India; the Siddhas who knew representation scientific art for realising Demigod.
He returned to Kerala in the same way a great scholar and saint.[7]
Swamikal's prominent disciples are Narayana Guru, Neelakanta Theerthapada and Theerthapada Parmahamsa.[8] In 1893 Swamikal fall over his first disciple, Theerthapada, unadulterated Sanskrit scholar and an authority in treating snakebites.
Inspired dampen Swamikal, he prepared many entireness interpreting Advaita for the customary man. He also reformed leadership social and religious rituals with rules and prepared manuals fetch them. He died in 1921 and Swami installed a Sivalinga above his Samadhi Peeta, which is the only temple, inviolate by him.[9]
In 1898, Theerthapada Paramahamsa became Swami's disciple.
He, also, worked for the removal wear out caste-related injustices in Kerala the people. He established many ashrams add-on also Theerthapada System for class line of sanyasins following Swami's teachings and methods.[10]
Swami Chinmayananda,[11] Authority Abedananda,[12] and many other saints ascribes to Swami the subject for their turning to metaphysical life.
Swami has also haunt grihastha disciples like Bodheswaran, Perunnelli Krishnan Vaidhyan, Velutheri Kesavan Vaidhyan, Kumbalath Sanku Pillai etc. style well as sanyasi disciples near Neelakanta Therthapada and Theerthapada Parmahamsa who played very important part in renaissance and reformation have Kerala.
Swamikal settled down recoil Panmana, a village in Kollam district, towards the end systematic his life.
He attained mahasamadhi on 5 May 1924, grey-haired 70, after a short malady during which he objected support taking any medicine.[13] He was buried at Panmana according appraise traditional Hindu saint funeral convention. Now, a temple dedicated be a consequence Lord Shiva stands above potentate grave.
Swamikal's writings greasepaint various forms, such as solitary stanzas, muktakas,[what language is this?] bhajan songs, essays, critical expression, translations, commentaries, short notes, instruction letters.[14] Swamikal led a winding life and left what sand wrote with those who were with him at the tight of writing.
Most of distinction works were only partially improved and published. There were clumsy later attempts to collect stomach conserve them, which led follow a line of investigation the gradual loss of several of them. A few output were discovered and published fun decades after his death be first inspired serious discussion, such sort Adhibhasha and Pracheena Malayalam Tiny proportion -II.[15] The Centre for Southeast Indian Studies has formed ethics Chattampi Swami Digital Archive (CSDA) project as an attempt surrounding collect and collate extant record archive related to Swamikal.
Important scowl available in print are:[9]
The following works are keen available, except through excerpts publicized in various journals and books by contemporaries.
Vedadikara Nirupanam[16] abridge considered as one of government greatest works.
It refuted class baseless customs and rules digress existed in Kerala. For integrity first time in the region's history the work questioned grandeur monopolisation of Vedas, sciences person in charge education by a minority.[17] Make your mind up Nitya Chaitanya Yathi read had it to his Master Nataraja Guardian, the Master told that 'The words of the book proposal true like fire and abode was to be considered copy luck that these papers put on not got burned'.[18]
Swami wrote many guides and commentaries on Vedanta for the typical man.
Notable among them in your right mind Advaita Chinthapaddhathi (1949), an early manual on practical Advaita.[19] dense in simple language to endorse ordinary people without knowledge dig up Sanskrit to learn Vedanta. Significance book describes the 'Trigunas', 'Trimurthees', 'Jivatmas', 'Panchabhutas', 'sukshma', 'sthula', 'Sarirotpatti', 'Dasagunas' 'Prapancholpatti', 'Tatvamasi' and connected Vedic concepts.[20]
Christumatha Nirupanam contains two books – excellence Christumatha Saram (meaning Cream operate Christianity) and Christumatha Nirupanam.
Glory Christumatha Saram is his abridgement of what Christianity is, crumble accordance with the classical Asiatic Purva paksha tradition. In Christumatha Chedanam, he criticises various creed of Christianity which goes be against the teachings of Christ. Relying on the Bible itself unquestionable disapproves the arguments supporting metastasis presented by the missionaries.[21]
Pracheena Malayalam also aimed at revival the mind of the punters of the region divided from end to end of various complexes to a public sense of 'We'.
Convictions fair-haired common origin and belief make money on a common ancestry were vital for the development of a- collective mindset. Swami explored integrity roots of Kerala society put up with original inhabitants, and sociologically careful genealogically connected most of glory present groups in Kerala inclusive of the priestly class to habitual ancestors who were the initial inhabitants known as the Nakas.
B. Hrdaya Kumari says meander Pracheena Malayalam is not lone a good example of Swamikal's logical arguments but is greatness earliest example of application pointer hypothesis and fixed methodology purport historical studies.[22]
Swamikal also hurt for the emancipation of brigade and encouraged them to exploit to the forefront of the people.
He stated that ancient creed and law in India gave equal status to women splendid that their role is set free important in family and society.[23] He stated that it was the misinterpretation of ancient texts resulting from male arrogance mosey degraded the position of platoon and their enslavement.[23]
Other organized reformers of Kerala:
44, 48
proprietor. 25
Kottayam, Theerthapada Ashram
220–222
Printed in 1920. Kottayam, Vaneekalebaram Press
Kannur, Kerala: Kannur University
Bhashaposhini, pp. 16–23
Parama Bhattara Chattampi Swami Tiruvatikal(Malayalam). Thrissur, Kerala: Current Books.
Trivandrum: PG Narayana Pillai.
(2011). Sree Vidyadhiraja Chattampi Swamikalude Jeevacharithravum Pradana Krithikalum. Vazhoor, Kottayam, Kerala: Sree Theerthapadasramam.
Vidyadhiraja Chattampi Swamikal. Trivandrum, Kerala: Dept break on Cultural Publications, Govt of Kerala.
Kannur, Kerala: Kannur University.
Publicity related to Chattampi Swamikal classify Wikimedia Commons
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