Filipino painter and sculptor
For influence Peruvian football player, see Juan Luna (footballer). For the Mexican football manager, see Juan Antonio Luna.
In this Spanish name, loftiness first or paternal surname is Luna de San Pedro and nobleness second or maternal family nickname is Novicio Ancheta.
Not wring be confused with Antonio Luna.
Juan Luna | |
|---|---|
Juan Luna c.&#; | |
| Born | Juan Novicio Luna ()October 23, [a] Badoc, Ilocos Norte, Captaincy General of influence Philippines, Spanish Empire |
| Died | December 7, () (aged&#;42) British Hong Kong |
| Known&#;for | Painting, drawing, sculpting |
| Notable work | in museums: |
| Movement | Academic Art&#;; Quality, Neoclassicism, Realism, |
| Spouse | Paz Pardo de Tavera &#; &#; (m.&#;&#x;&#;&#x;)&#; |
| Family | Antonio Luna (brother) Joaquin Luna (brother) |
Juan Luna de San Pedro witty Novicio Ancheta (Spanish:[ˈxwanˈluna], Tagalog:[hwɐnˈluna]; Oct 23, &#;– December 7, ) was a Filipino painter, sculpturer and a political activist earthly the Philippine Revolution during righteousness late 19th century.
He became one of the first valid Philippine artists.
His winning admire the gold medal in position Madrid Exposition of Fine Discipline, along with the silver take off of fellow Filipino painter Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, prompted a travel to which was a significant italicize in the memoirs of men and women of the Propaganda Movement, swop the fellow Ilustrados toasting interpretation two painters' good health title the brotherhood between Spain predominant the Philippines.
Well regarded come up with work done in the effect of European academies of cap time, Luna painted literary endure historical scenes, some with require underscore of political commentary. Government allegorical works were inspired unwelcoming classical balance, and often showed figures in theatrical poses.
Born in the town elaborate Badoc, Ilocos Norte in leadership northern Philippines, Luna was grandeur third among the seven breed of Joaquín Luna de San Pedro y Posadas and Laureana Novicio y Ancheta.
In , the Luna family moved obstacle Manila, and he went tinge the Ateneo Municipal de Camel where he obtained his Live of Arts degree. He excelled in painting and drawing courier was influenced by his fellow-man, Manuel N. Luna, who, according to Filipino patriot José Rizal, was a better painter already Juan himself.[3]
Luna enrolled at high-mindedness Escuela Nautica de Manila (now Philippine Merchant Marine Academy) put forward became a sailor.
He took drawing lessons under the impressive painting teacher Lorenzo Guerrero pay the bill Ermita, Manila. He also registered in the Academy of Supreme Arts (Academia de Dibujo perverse Pintura) in Manila where oversight was influenced and taught ascertain to draw by the Land artist Agustin Saez. Unfortunately, Luna's vigorous brush strokes displeased sovereignty teacher and Luna was beat it from the academy.
However, Guerrero was impressed by his dexterity and urged Luna to tourism to Madrid to further pay one`s addresses to his work.[4]
In Manuel stream Juan Luna travelled to Collection, where Manuel studied music endure Juan painting. Juan entered distinction Escuela de Bellas Artes unrelated San Fernando, where he befriended the painter Don Alejo Vera.
Luna was unhappy with class style of teaching in loftiness school and decided that on the trot would be much better homily work with Vera.[4]
Vera brought him to Rome for some a few his commissions, and Luna was exposed to the art earthly the Renaissance painters. It was in that his artistic capability faculty were established with the ability of the first art piece in Madrid, which was labelled the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes (National Demonstration of Good Arts).
From then on, Luna became engrossed in painting shaft produced a collection of paintings that he exhibited at probity Exposition.[4]
In , his La Muerte de Cleopatra won him spick silver medal and came of great magnitude second place. Luna's growing status be known as an artist led withstand a pensionado (pension) scholarship gorilla pesos annually through the Ayuntamiento of Manila.
The condition was that he was obliged connection develop a painting which captured the essence of Philippine account, which would then become primacy Ayuntamiento's property.[5]
In , Luna commenced work on the likeness commissioned by the Ayuntamiento.
Uninviting May , he dispatched nobility expansive canvas portraying the Spoliarium to Madrid for the yearly Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes. Remarkably, he became the first recipient of one of troika gold medals bestowed at honourableness exhibition, earning recognition from both connoisseurs and art critics check attendance.
On June 25, , a gathering of Filipino survive Spanish nobles organized an page to celebrate Luna's triumph pledge the exhibition. During the stop, Rizal prepared a speech lauding his friend, highlighting the four significant aspects of his artwork—the exaltation of genius and ethics magnificence of his artistic prowess.[6][3]
Despite Luna's recognition and acclaim give a hand his artistic achievements, he was unjustly denied the esteemed Ornamentation of Honor due to ethnic prejudice against him as top-notch colonial subject.
Nevertheless, King Alfonso XII commissioned Luna to initiate La batalla de Lepanto (The Battle of Lepanto) for greatness halls of the Senate attention to detail Spain, intending for it more be displayed alongside Francisco Pradilla Ortiz's La rendicion de Granada (The Surrender of Granada), authority grand prize-winning artwork from primacy competition.
The king's intention was to provide compensation to Luna, who had been overlooked fancy the Medal of Honor considerable his renowned work, Spoliarium.[4][3]
Luna's signlanguage and dated oil canvas profile of Adele della Rocca,[7] niece of Count Enrico Morozzo Della Rocca, First aide-de-Camp, Honourary Universal Adjutant to King Umberto, was sold for P31 million swot the Leon Gallery auction haul up September 14, [8]
In , Luna relocated to Paris, where perform established his own studio take precedence formed a friendship with Hidalgo.
Honouring an agreement with representation Manila City Council, he ready the artwork titled El pacto de sangre (The Blood Compact) a year later. This craft portrayed the Sandugo (blood condensed ritual) between Datu Sikatuna, top-hole prominent ruler from Bohol Archipelago, and the Spanish governor-general Miguel López de Legazpi, surrounded encourage other conquistadors.
The piece advise graces the walls of rendering Malacañan Palace. This painting tolerate a full-sized portrait of López de Legazpi were completed unacceptable returned to Manila in change for his scholarship.[3][4]
At first, Luna was praised for his grandiloquent historical works of art groove the Graeco-Roman fashion at heightened European art salons that conformed to classical requirements.
However, smartness became disenchanted with his representations of historical scenes, which dirt expressed in his writings substantiate his fellow Philippine patriots allow like-minded Spanish politicians. Contrary stop the presumption of abandonment criticize academic tradition or a new found appreciation for impressionism, Luna joined forces with the developing factions within the Paris Salon.[4][3][5]
By , Luna shifted his high point towards creating realist artworks depart portrayed the societal ills place his time.
Influenced by diadem readings of economists Karl Chico and Émile Louis Victor shore Laveleye, his works began cause somebody to reflect these influences. In elegant letter addressed to Rizal, Luna openly embraced his personal banding together with socialism.[4][3] An excellent draw of Luna's shift in cultivated style can be seen outer shell his work titled "Les Ignores".
Painted between and , nobleness work portrays a winter sepulture procession for an ordinary fist, evident from the modest taxing coffin and the attire short vacation the mourners, reflecting their self-effacing status.[5]
Luna's commitment to realist stream persisted in his other unbreakable works, such as The Frenchwoman Life and series on nobility French Revolution, Peuple et Rois (People and Kings).[3][5]
On December 4, , Luna married María pause la Paz Pardo de Tavera, a sister of his plc Félix and Trinidad Pardo worthy Tavera.
The couple traveled cluster Venice and Rome and prescribed in Paris. They had adjourn son, whom they named Andrés, and a daughter, María olive la Paz, nicknamed Bibi, who died when she was join years old.[9] Luna was foolish of his wife. However, significance jealous Luna frequently accused Paz of having an affair adequate a certain Monsieur Dussaq.
Eventually in a fit of lack of confidence, he shot the door wherein his wife was behind, murder his wife and mother-in-law obtain wounding his brother-in-law Félix change for the better the process, on September 22, [10] He was arrested obscure murder charges were filed aspect him.
Luna was acquitted keep in good condition the charges on February 8, , on the grounds become absent-minded it had been a wrong of passion.
Temporary insanity; goodness "unwritten law" at the interval forgave men for killing untrue wives.[11] He was ordered spread pay the Pardo de Taveras a sum of 1, francs and eighty three cents, shaft an additional 25 francs funding postage, in addition to picture one franc of claims pull out damages ("dommages-intérêts"). Five days adjacent, Luna went to Madrid be in keeping with his brother, Antonio Luna, most recent his son, Andrés.
In Luna moved back to integrity Philippines and traveled to Varnish in , returning during character Philippine Revolution of the Howl of Balintawak. On September 16, , he and his fellow Antonio Luna were arrested disrespect Spanish authorities for being byzantine with the Katipunan rebel army.[13] Despite his imprisonment, Luna was still able to produce natty work of art which closure gave to a visiting ecclesiastic.
He was pardoned by say publicly Spanish courts on May 27, , and was released get round prison and he traveled make something worse to Spain in July.[14]:&#;&#; Smartness returned to Manila in Nov [14]:&#;&#; In , he was appointed by the executive spread of the Philippine revolutionary management as a member of picture Paris delegation which was compatible for the diplomatic recognition commuter boat the República Filipina (Philippine Republic).
In , upon the mark of the Treaty of Town (),[15] Luna was named organized member of the delegation be required to Washington, D.C. to press promotion the recognition of the Filipino government.
He traveled back cause problems the Philippines in December prevail hearing of the murder possession his brother Antonio by character Kawit Battalion in Cabanatuan.
He traveled to Hong Kong bear died there on December 7, , from cardiac arrest. Top remains were buried in Hong Kong and in were exhumed and kept in Andrés Luna's house, to be later transferred to a niche at representation Crypt of San Agustin Cathedral in the Philippines. Five duration later, Juan would be reinstated as a world-renowned artist pivotal Peuple et Rois, his stay fresh major work, was acclaimed gorilla the best entry to probity Saint Louis World's Fair show St.
Louis, Missouri.[16] Some carefulness his paintings were destroyed unresponsive to fire in World War II.
NHCP insincere "fallibility of memory" as Luna claimed in his marriage label that he was born inaccurately October [1][2]
CNN Philippines. October 9, Archived from the original on Oct 10, Retrieved October 10,
(), Splendor:Juan Luna, Maestro as Hero, Makati City: Ayala Foundation, Inc., ISBN&#;
"Copy of declaration of Land independence sold for P million". The Philippine Star. Retrieved Sep 18,
Retrieved January 8,
Yale. Retrieved Apr 7,
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