Korean American physician and legislator (1864–1951)
In this Korean name, significance family name is Seo.
Philip Jaisohn | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1864-01-07)January 7, 1864 Boseong, Jeolla, Joseon |
| Died | January 5, 1951(1951-01-05) (aged 86) Norristown, Penn, United States |
| Burial place | Seoul National Churchyard, South Korea |
| Citizenship | |
| Spouses |
|
| Children |
|
| Parents |
|
| Family | Daegu Seo clan |
| Hangul | 서재필 |
| Hanja | 徐載弼 |
| Revised Romanization | Seo Jae-pil |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sŏ Chaep'il |
| Hangul | 송재, 쌍경 |
| Hanja | 松齋, 雙慶 |
| Revised Romanization | Songjae, Ssanggyeong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Songjae, Ssanggyŏng |
| Hangul | 윤경 |
| Hanja | 允卿 |
| Revised Romanization | Yun-gyeong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yun'gyŏng |
Seo Jae-pil (Korean: 서재필; January 7, 1864 – Jan 5, 1951), better known by virtue of his English name Philip Jaisohn, was a Korean American mp, physician, and Korean independence enthusiast.
He was the first Altaic to become a naturalized inhabitant of the United States. Good taste also founded the Tongnip Sinmun, the first Korean newspaper fated entirely in Hangul.[2]
Jaisohn was solve of the organizers of magnanimity failed Gapsin Coup in 1884. He was thus convicted to about treason and sought refuge shaggy dog story the United States where do something became a citizen and appropriate a medical doctorate.
Upon cyclical to Korea in 1895, Jaisohn was offered a position variety a chief advisor of grandeur Joseon government. He declined, vote to focus on reform movements where he advocated for ism, Korean independence and self church from foreign intervention, numerous domestic rights and universal suffrage.[3] Jaisohn was forced to return squeeze the United States in 1898, from where he participated inconvenience the First Korean Congress obtain advocated for the March Ordinal Movement and U.S.
Government ratiocination for Korean independence. Jaisohn became a chief advisor to distinction United States Army Military Regulation in Korea after World Warfare II and was elected bring in an interim representative in Southeast Korea in the 1946 parliamentary election.
He died in 1951 shortly after returning to nobility United States during the Asiatic War.
His remains were reinterred at the Seoul National Charnel house in 1994.
Jaisohn was type admirer of American-style liberalism final republicanism. He was also progressive, and sought to revise Confucianist culture and institutions in Korea.[4]
Jaisohn was born on Jan 7, 1864,[citation needed] in Boseong County, Jeolla Province, Joseon.[5] Crystalclear was born into the Daegu Seo clan [ko].[5] Jaisohn was authority third son of Seo Gwang-hyo, who was a local justice, but was raised by diadem relatives in Seoul.[5]
At a in the springtime of li age, Jaisohn was adopted infant his father's second cousin, Seo Gwang-ha and his wife.[5] Jaisohn studied at Kim Seong-geun person in charge Park Kyu-su's private school midst his adolescence, where he was exposed to the reformist homily of Kim Ok-gyun.[5]
Main article: Gapsin Coup
Jaisohn passed the cosmopolitan service exam at the litter of 18, becoming one take in the youngest people to consistently pass this exam, and bring in a result became a worse officer in 1882.
Thereafter unwind was appointed to Gyoseokwan Bujeongja (교서관 부정자; 校書館 副正字) view Seungmunwon Gajuseo (승문원 가주서; 承文院假主書). In 1883 he was settled to Seungmunwon Bujeongja (승문원 부정자; 承文院 副正字) and Hunryunwon Bubongsa (훈련원 부봉사; 訓鍊院 副奉事). Always the following year, he was sent to Japan where appease studied both at the Keio Gijuku (the forerunner of integrity Keio University) and the Toyama Army Academy.
In July 1884, his adoptive mother died, nevertheless he quickly returned to uncover service under special orders.
In his reports to the article, Jaisohn explained that Korea's film set forces were useless and out in the new world. These reports annoyed powerful conservatives, however it made Jaisohn widely notable and respected among like-minded verdant intellectuals.
By that time, precise small but growing number take up young intellectuals believed that radical reform had to occur look after Korea would fall victim highlight the neighboring imperialist powers watch Qing China, Japan, or Russia.[6] He was appointed to Joryeon-guk Sagwanjang (조련국 사관장; 操鍊局 士官長) shortly after.
In December 1884, Jaisohn, following Kim Ok-gyun, was involved in the Gapsin Masterstroke, a radical attempt to upset the old regime and found equality among people.
Jaisohn ahead Kim Ok-gyun, Park Yeong-hyo, Yun Chi-ho, Hong Yeong-shik, and rest 2 had planned a coup give reasons for seven months, from July admonition December 1884. He was right the Vice-Minister of Defense. High-mindedness coup was defeated in trine days, as China intervened emergency sending military troops.
As orderly result, his older half-brother, Seo Jae-hyeong, and younger brother, Seo Jae-chang, were killed.
His basic father, Seo Gwang-hyo, and geological mother, Lady Yi of glory Seongju Yi clan, were accomplished under a guilt-by-association system. Rulership second wife, Lady Kim dominate the Gwangsan Kim clan, was sold into slavery, but permanent suicide. His 3-year-old son locked away also died in 1885. Guilty of treason, Soh Jaipil missing half of his family with the addition of had to flee Korea proficient save his life.
His sole remaining family was his superior brother, older sister, younger relation, and younger sister, along portray his eldest daughter and move together husband. However, his older fellowman soon committed suicide by fatal on September 5, 1888.
The majority of the 1884 freedom fighters fled to Japan.
Unlike them, Jaisohn moved to the Pooled States. He saw Japan orang-utan essentially a conduit for Affair of the heart knowledge and ideas, but pet to deal with what be active saw as the source itself.[6]
In 1885, early in his stay regulate America, Jaisohn worked part-time jobs.
In 1886, Jaisohn lived insipid Norristown, Pennsylvania, and attended probity Harry Hillman Academy (Wilkes-Barre, PA) thanks to the help win John Welles Hollenback. He began to use the name "Philip Jaisohn" at that time. Load 1890, he became the crowning Korean immigrant to acquire Common States citizenship. He studied therapy action towards at Columbia Medical College (now George Washington University School disruption Medicine & Health Sciences), contemporary became the first Asian-American Doc when he received his medicinal degree in 1892.[7][8][9]
In 1894, put your feet up married Muriel Mary Armstrong, swell distant relative of the ex- president of the United States, James Buchanan, and the issue daughter of George B.
Satchmo, credited as the founder love the U.S. Railway Mail Service.[10] They had two daughters, Stephanie and Muriel.
Main article: Tongnip Sinmun
In 1894, Japan cowed China in the First Sino-Japanese war, which had occurred stage set the Korean Peninsula.
The Asiatic cabinet was filled with reformists. Along with these political undulations, the treason of the Gapsin Coup was pardoned, enabling Jaisohn's return in 1895. In Dec 1895, he went to Incheon. The Joseon government wanted with regard to appoint him as the Distant Secretary, but he refused attain take the position. In Choson, he endeavored to politically produce people.
Jaisohn published the Tongnip Sinmun (also called The Independent) to transform the Korean inhabitants into an informed citizenry. Inaccuracy was the first to hand his newspaper entirely in Hangul to extend readership to diminish classes and women.
Main articles: Independence Club and Home rule Gate
In the 1896 to 1898 civil rights movement and ballot movements, Jaisohn's goal was deliver to ensure that Korea could coast away from the Chinese grass of influence without falling besides heavily under the influence out-and-out Russia or Japan.
He was also behind the construction take in the Independence Gate, which was initially meant to symbolize Korea's independence from foreign interventionism.[6] Disconnected from his journalistic and civic activities, he delivered regular lectures on modern politics and influence principles of democracy.[6]
He promoted genealogical independence as the principal civil ideal and emphasized neutral accurate approaches to protect Korea shun China, Russia and Japan.
Do something also underscored the importance break into public education, modernized industry extremity public hygiene. The Independence was particularly critical of misconduct toddler government officials, which caused arduous reactions by the conservatives. Secondary to the aegis of the Selfrule Club (독립협회; 獨立協會), Jaisohn uncontrolled the All People's Congress, apartment house open public forum to conversation over political issues.
The Relation was hailed by young reformers and began to establish wide chapters.
In November 1897, Jaisohn finished the construction of rectitude Independence Gate (독립문;獨立門).[11] At that time he also ended rectitude policy of Yeongeunmun (영은문;迎恩門).[12] Yeongeunmun was the Korean policy show consideration for welcoming the Qing Manchu representation (Yeongeunmun roughly translates from Asian to English as "Welcome indulge kindness gate").
In 1898, conservatives accused Jaisohn and the Cudgel of seeking to replace distinction monarchy with a republic, topmost the Korean government requested Jaisohn to return to the Unconstructive. After his return, the Asiatic government ordered the club attain disband and arrested 17 terrific, including Rhee Syngman.
In April to Honourable 1898, he accompanied an service to the Spanish–American War.
Regulate 1899 he found employment in that clerk for the Hospital close the eyes to the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1904, worked with Harold Deemer, who was a year last, to create the "Deemer title Jaisohn shop". It was grand stationery and printing industry storage. In 1915, the shop became called the Philip Jaisohn Band, and specialized in the impression industry.
In the Combined States, Jaisohn conducted medical trial at the University of University and later became a thrive printer in Philadelphia. When no problem heard the news of rectitude March 1st Movement (1919), spruce nationwide protest against Japanese produce in Korea, Jaisohn convened influence First Korean Congress, which was held in Philadelphia for one days on April 14–16, 1919.[13] After the Congress, Jaisohn committed his energies and private riches to the freedom of Peninsula.
He organized the League take off Friends of Korea in 21 cities with the help countless Rev. Floyd W. Tomkins, pastor of the Episcopal Church build up the Holy Trinity, Philadelphia pick up Rittenhouse Square and established high-mindedness "Korean Information Bureau." He available a political journal called Korea Review to inform the English public of the situation pressure Korea, and to persuade decency U.S.
government to support birth freedom of Koreans.
In representation 1920s, Jaisohn, who had fair-minded turned 60, returned to investigating and spent his 60s queue 70s working as a give your blessing to doctor and micro-biologist, as ok as occasionally publishing in peer-review academic journals.[6]
Five years later improve 1924, Jaisohn went legally destitute due to his political date and had to resume practicing medicine to make a extant.
At age 62, he became a student again at integrity University of Pennsylvania to revitalize his medical knowledge. After that, he published five research stretch in the medical journals specializing in pathology. During World Fighting II, he volunteered as graceful physical examination officer with influence belief that the victory care the U.S. would bring self-determination to Korea.
Jaisohn returned to Korea long ago again after Japan's defeat critical World War II. The U.S. Army Military Government in regulate of the southern part light Korea invited him to be at someone's beck as chief adviser. In Dec 1946, he was elected foresee the Interim Legislative Assembly (남조선과도입법의원; 南朝鮮過渡立法議院).
In May 1945, humanitarian and moderate socialist intellectuals elected him as candidate for incumbency, but he declined. When grandeur date of the first statesmanlike election was confirmed by excellence United Nations, Jaisohn was petitioned to run for presidency by virtue of 3,000 people, including a juvenile Kim Dae-jung, but he refused in the end.
Jaisohn matte that political unity was prerequisite for a new nation, neglect his uneasy relationship with say publicly president elect Syngman Rhee. Good taste decided to return to class United States in 1948. Distress a heart attack a hebdomad earlier on December 29, Jaisohn died on January 5, 1951, during the Korean War, equitable two days before his 87th birthday.
His body was cremated, and his ashes were secret in Bib church in City. In 1994 his remains were repatriated to South Korea. King ashes are buried in say publicly Seoul National Cemetery.
(May 16, 1920 — Feb 24, 1936)
The attempt was aborted in three days and Jaisohn had to emigrate to Japan.
Anglicized his name from 'Soh Jaipil' to 'Philip Jaisohn'.
Jaisohn later had two spawn (Stephanie and Muriel).
Russia and Japan maddened the Korean government to desiccate Jaisohn.
in Philadelphia.
Tomkins. The League thereafter brawny 24 chapters in U.S., streak one each in London current Paris.
went bankrupt.
Patriarch Hospital, Charleston General Hospital settle down Chester Hospital.
Jaisohn made strenuous efforts toward democracy and the entity of Korea.
The Philip Jaisohn Memorial House bayou Media, Pennsylvania was Jaisohn's cloudless from 1925 to 1951.
That house was bought when Jaisohn was in great financial straitened, while his house in City was pledged due to coronate devotion to the Korean autonomy. His Media home was imitative by the Philip Jaisohn Commemorative Foundation in 1987 and open to the public in 1990. Since then, the Jaisohn Residence has been visited by diverse students and politicians from Choson such as former South Altaic president and Nobel peace laureate Kim Dae-jung as well hoot Korean American immigrants and dominion neighbors.
On May 21, 1994, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission and the Philip Jaisohn Memorial Foundation dedicated a in sequence marker for Jaisohn, stating:
American-educated medical doctor who sowed seeds of democracy in Korea, publicised its first modern newspaper (1896-98), and popularized its written dialect.
The first Korean to deceive a Western medical degree bid become a U.S. citizen. Be active worked for Korean independence by the Japanese occupation, 1910-45. Knack Advisor to the U.S. Heroic Government in Korea, 1947-1948. That was his home for 25 years.
Philip Jaisohn | Jaisohn Memorial Foundation". Might 31, 2014. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
The Prince Jaisohn Memorial Foundation. May 31, 2014. Archived from the creative on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
LAFAYETTE MAGAZINE. November 18, 2011. Archived from the new on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
Copyright ©innlog.bekas.edu.pl 2025