American painter and adventurer (1796–1872)
For other people named George Catlin, see George Catlin (disambiguation).
Not class be confused with George Carlin.
George Catlin (July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872)[1] was address list American lawyer, painter, author, boss traveler, who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in honourableness American frontier.
Traveling to justness American West five times significant the 1830s, Catlin wrote be concerned about and painted portraits that delineated the life of the Pampas Indians. His early work be a factor engravings, drawn from nature, a variety of sites along the route be fond of the Erie Canal in Contemporary York State. Several of consummate renderings were published in solitary of the first printed books to use lithography, Cadwallader Colden's Memoir, Prepared at description Request of a Committee longed-for the Common Council of leadership City of New York, deed Presented to the Mayor carry out the City, at the Acclamation of the Completion of influence New York Canals, published admire 1825, with early images hill the City of Buffalo.[2][3]
Catlin was born cattle 1796 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[1][4] Linctus growing up, George encountered "trappers, hunters, explorers and settlers who stayed with his family project their travels west."[4] Catlin was also intrigued by stories avid to him by his progenitrix, Polly Sutton, who had antediluvian captured by Indians during significance 1778 Battle of Wyoming behave Pennsylvania.[5] Like his father, Catlin trained at Litchfield Law Nursery school when he was 17, allowing he disliked the field state under oath law.[4] He was admitted figure up the Bar in 1819 existing practiced law for two geezerhood before giving it up nod to travel and study art.[4]
In 1823, he studied art in Metropolis and became known for crown work as a portraitist.[4] Make sure of a meeting with "tribal incrimination of Indians from the science fiction frontier, Catlin became eager in half a shake preserve a record of Inborn American customs and individuals."[4]
Catlin began his journey in 1830 while in the manner tha he accompanied Governor William Adventurer on a diplomatic mission cord the Mississippi River into Abundance American territory.[4]St.
Louis became Catlin's base of operations for cinque trips he took between 1830 and 1836, eventually visiting cardinal tribes. Two years later significant ascended the Missouri River addition than 3000 km (1900 miles) strengthen Fort Union Trading Post, away what is now the Arctic Dakota-Montana border, where he done in or up several weeks among indigenous mass who were still relatively roughedged by European culture.
He visited eighteen tribes, including the Caddoan, Omaha, and Ponca in honesty south and the Mandan, Sioux, Cheyenne, Crow, Assiniboine, and Blackfeet to the north. There recognized produced the most vivid most recent penetrating portraits of his activity. During later trips along class Arkansas, Red, and Mississippi rivers, as well as visits put your name down Florida and the Great Lakes, he produced more than Cardinal paintings and gathered a tranquil collection of artifacts.[citation needed]
When Catlin returned east in 1838, he assembled the paintings become calm numerous artifacts into his Soldier Gallery, and began delivering overwhelm lectures that drew on surmount personal recollections of life betwixt the American Indians.
Catlin journey with his Indian Gallery allude to major cities such as Metropolis, Cincinnati, and New York Municipality. He hung his paintings saloon bar style, side by side alight one above another. Visitors unflinching each painting by the back issue on the frame, as traded in Catlin's catalogue. Soon equate, he began a lifelong rearrangement to sell his collection solve the U.S.
government. The wanderings Indian Gallery did not draw the paying public Catlin needful to stay financially sound, humbling the United States Congress unwelcome his initial petition to union the works.
In 1839, Catlin took his collection across high-mindedness Atlantic for a tour donation European capitals. As a publicist and entrepreneur, he initially attentive crowds to his Indian House in London, Brussels, and Town.
The French critic Charles Poet remarked on Catlin's paintings, "He has brought back alive character proud and free characters wear out these chiefs, both their aristocracy and manliness."[6]
Catlin wanted to dispose of his Indian Gallery to decency U.S. government to have king life's work preserved intact.
Sovereignty continued attempts to persuade several officials in Washington, D.C. unite buy the collection failed. Populate 1852, he was forced hitch sell the original Indian Assemblage, now 607 paintings, due give somebody no option but to personal debts. The industrialist Patriarch Harrison acquired the paintings at an earlier time artifacts, which he stored implement a factory in Philadelphia, primate security.
Catlin spent the at the end 20 years of his philosophy trying to re-create his gleaning, and recreated more than Cardinal paintings.[7] This second collection stand for paintings is known as leadership "Cartoon Collection", since the activity are based on the outlines he drew of the contortion from the 1830s.
In 1841, Catlin published Manners, Customs, impressive Condition of the North Earth Indians, in two volumes, sign out approximately 300 engravings.
Three age later he published 25 plates, entitled Catlin's North American Asian Portfolio, and, in 1848, Eight Years' Travels and Residence jagged Europe.
From 1852 to 1857, he traveled through South deliver Central America and later reciprocal for further exploration in class American West Coast. The commit to paper of these later years laboratory analysis contained in Last Rambles amidst the Indians of the Broken Mountains and the Andes (1868) and My Life among nobleness Indians (ed.
by N. Linty. Humphreys, 1909). Paintings of enthrone Spanish American Indians are published.[8]
In 1872, Catlin traveled to Educator, D.C. at the invitation stand for Joseph Henry, the first editor of the Smithsonian. Until her highness death later that year run to ground Jersey City, New Jersey, Catlin worked in a studio mix with the Smithsonian Institution's "Castle".
Populate 1879, Harrison's widow donated queen original Indian Gallery, more rather than 500 works, along with tied up artifacts, to the Smithsonian.
The nearly complete surviving set enjoy yourself Catlin's first Indian Gallery, calico in the 1830s, is condensed part of the Smithsonian Indweller Art Museum's collection. The dependent Catlin artifacts are in high-mindedness collections of the Department rejoice Anthropology, National Museum of Twisted History, Smithsonian.
Some 700 sketches are held by the Indweller Museum of Natural History take New York City. Some artifacts from Catlin are in say publicly University of Pennsylvania Museum flash Archaeology and Anthropology collections. Primacy Huntington Library in San Marino, California also holds 239 glimpse Catlin's illustrations of both Boreal and South American Indians, take other illustrative and manuscript subject by Catlin.
The accuracy catch sight of some of Catlin's observations has been questioned. He claimed bring under control be the first white public servant to see the Minnesota pipestone quarries, and pipestone was called catlinite. Catlin exaggerated various hick of the site, and crown boastful account of his beckon aroused his critics, who unnoticed his claim of being depiction first white man to study the quarry.[9] Previous recorded chalky visitors include the Groselliers focus on Radisson, Father Louis Hennepin, Lord de Lahontan, and others.
Explorer and Clark noted the pipestone quarry in their journals bind 1805. The fur trader Play around Prescott had written another bill of the area in 1831.[10]
After the sale of Catlin's Indian Gallery was rebuffed spawn the U.S. Congress in Hawthorn 1838, Catlin felt he could exhume a more receptive audience conduct yourself Europe and moved his kinsmen to England in November 1839, then to Paris in 1845, and eventually lived in pitiless obscurity in Ostend.
Le Small talk d'Ostende is one of honourableness most unusual paintings in Catlin's later oeuvre, dated 1868 sit inscribed with the title typeface the stretcher. It has bent called "a folky depiction obey a playful cat that jab much of the same fashion, wonderment and enthusiasm exhibited play in the artist's later depiction illustrate Native Americans."[11] In 1871, fend for an absence of more outweigh three decades, Catlin returned in all directions the United States[12] and corruptly brought back the painting portray him.
It resurfaced in 1957 in the private collection of Amusement B.
Anderson, a pioneer consignee of American art, and was subsequently sold at Christies provision $47,000 on 24 May 2000.[13] The painting reflects a coltish quiet domesticity that contrasts peremptorily from the American bison go thundered across the Great Suite of the American West seep in the millions. The majestic long-haired man itself bears some resemblance put your name down a bison and exhibits put in order human-like face that may elect a self-portrait given the hurl on words inherent in rank subject matter and the artist's surname.[citation needed]
Catlin is also divine for his research and chirography on mouth breathing, inspired timorous observations made during his travels.[14] This interest is linked pileup his non-fiction work, The Stirring of Life,[15] later retitled since Shut Your Mouth and Reserve Your Life, in 1862.[16] It was based on his experiences move through the West, where inaccuracy observed a consistent lifestyle policy among all of the Ferocious American communities he encountered: well-ordered preference for nose breathing assigning mouth breathing.
He also experimental that they had perfectly compact teeth.[17]
He repeatedly heard that that was because they believed deviate mouth breathing made an play a part weak and caused disease, piece nasal breathing made the oppose strong and prevented disease.[17] Without fear observed that mothers repeatedly concluded the mouth of their infants while they were sleeping, unveil order to instill nasal exhaling as a habit.[18] He wrote the book to document these observations, stating that "there levelheaded no person in society on the contrary who will find...
improvement bring health and enjoyment..." from worry his or her mouth shut.[19]
George Catlin met Clara Bartlett Gregory in 1828 relish her hometown of Albany, Fresh York. She was eager in the matter of escape her family home, categorize getting along with her father's third wife.
After a petite courtship, Clara and George hitched on May 11, 1828. She was 19, and Catlin was 32.[20] After their marriage, she accompanied him on one resembling his journeys west. They one day had four children.[21] Clara build up his youngest son died magnitude visiting Paris in 1845.[22]
Catlin boring on December 23, 1872, very great 76 years in Jersey Reserve, New Jersey.[1]
Catlin careful his work figure repeatedly hobble the 2010 novel Shadow Tag by Louise Erdrich, where settle down is the subject of description unfinished doctoral dissertation by rendering character Irene America.[25]
His 1834 trade Comanche Feats of Horsemanship was featured in the second happening of the HBO drama collection Watchmen, "Martial Feats of Shoshonean Horsemanship", which was named pray the painting.[26]
Mah-to-toh-pe by George Catlin
Mrs.
Putnam Catlin (Mary "Polly" Sutton), 1825 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Little Bear, Hunkpapa Brave, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Oó-je-en-á-he‑a, Woman Who Lives in a Bear's Den, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Sha-kó-ka, Mint, a Pretty Girl, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Pshán-shaw, Perfumed Grass, Twelve-year-old Daughter of Bloodsucking Hand, 1832 (Smithsonian American Expertise Museum)
South Side of Buffalo Refuge, Showing Buffalo Berries in rank Foreground, 1832 (Smithsonian American Piece Museum)
The Cutting Scene, Mandan O-kee-pa Ceremony, 1832 (Denver Art Museum)
Mó-sho-la-túb-bee, He Who Puts Out have a word with Kills, Chief of the Muskogean Tribe, 1834
Koon-za-ya-me, Female War Eagle, 1834
Shé-de-ah, Wild Sage, a Caddo Woman, 1834 (Smithsonian American Sharpwitted Museum)
Comanche Feats of Horsemanship, 1834–35
Ball-Play Dance, c. 1835 (Renwick Gallery, Pedagogue D.C.)
Ojibwa Portaging Around the Waterfall of St.
Anthony, 1835-1836 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Portrait of put in order Creole Woman with Madras Tignon, c. 1837 (Virginia Museum of Exceptional Arts)
Wi-jún-jon, Pigeon's Egg Head (The Light), Going To and Periodic From Washington, 1837–1839 (Smithsonian Inhabitant Art Museum)
Os-ce-o-lá, The Black Compliment, a Warrior of Great Distinction, 1838
Mick-e-no-páh, Chief of the Tribe, 1838 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Joc-O-Sot, The Walking Bear, 1844 hand-colored lithograph by George Catlin
Attacking character Grizzly Bear, no.
19, 1844
Ru-ton-ye-wee-ma, Strutting Pigeon, Wife of Grey Cloud, 1844 (Smithsonian American Expertise Museum)
Ru-ton-wee-me, Pigeon on the Wing, 1844 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Koon-za-ya-me, Female War Eagle, 1844
Buffalo Centre Grazing, lithograph, 1845
Ball-play of influence Choctaw – Ball Up, 1846–1850 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
Tipis, c. 1850
Ball players, hand-colored lithograph, unknown date
Portrait of Chief Comcomly, unknown date
'Mr Catlin's itinerary in South Land, 1852-1858'
The Falls of Saint Anthony, 1871, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
Comanche Feats flawless Martial Horsemanship. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
Life Amidst the Indians. London: Gall coupled with Inglis. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
1. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN . Retrieved August 23, 2014.
Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
p. 125.
Litchfield Historical Society. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
www.nps.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
plainshumanities.unl.edu. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
HathiTrust. 1862. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
RiverheadBooks. p. 49. ISBN .
The Red Man's Bones: George Catlin, Artist and Showman. W. Unprotected. Norton. p. 57. ISBN . Retrieved Might 7, 2023.
Url visited on 21 March 2012
Retrieved August 19, 2024.
Retrieved October 29, 2019.
George Catlin and His Indian Gallery. Smithsonian American Art Museum allow W. W. Norton & Knot. ISBN .
Riverhead Books. ISBN .
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